Waspada, Ini Ancaman Gempa dan Tsunami Besar yang Dibangkitkan Zona Megathrust Pantai Selatan Jawa, Bisa Capai Ketinggian 20 Meter

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Mesothelioma is a form of cancer which occurs in thin membranes (called the mesothelium) lining the chest, lungs, abdomen and sometimes the heart. Although quite rare, mesothelioma symptoms strike more than 200 people each year in the United States. The majority of mesothelioma cases are directly linked to asbestos exposure. Because of the long latency period of mesothelioma, the average age of patients is between 50 and 70 years. Mesothelioma affects men most due to the high exposure of asbestos in industrial typed jobs. Mesothelioma symptoms include respiratory problems, shortness of breath, continual cough and pneumonia. Other mesothelioma symptoms include weight loss, abdominal problems and swelling. In some mesothelioma patients, the mesothelioma symptoms are quite muted, making it hard for mesothelioma doctors to diagnose. Mesothelioma doctors specialize in the study, research, and treatments of Mesothelioma cancers. Mesothelioma (or the cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells become abnormal and replicate without control. During Mesothelioma, these cells will invade and damage tissues and organs. Mesothelioma cancer cells can spread throughout the body causing death. Mesothelioma treatments and Mesothelioma clinical trials and tests There are many mesothelioma treatment options available. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy and the mesothelioma treatment depends on the patient’s age, general health and stage of the cancer. There has been much mesothelioma research conducted throughout the past two years to find new treatment methods. Click here to read more about mesothelioma treatment techniques. Through mesothelioma research, The National Cancer Institute has sponsored mesothelioma tests and clinical trials that are designed to find new treatment methods. Because of the increase in number of mesothelioma cases in the United States, both governments have increased funding for mesothelioma research. Mesothelioma research and clinical trials have been successful in developing new techniques to fight this cancer and the outlook for more advanced mesothelioma treatments is promising. Surgery is the most common treatment method for malignant mesothelioma. Tissues and linings affected by mesothelioma are removed by the doctor and may include the lung or even diaphragm. A second mesothelioma treatment method is radiation therapy through the use of high energy x-rays that kill the cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be outside or inside the body. A third mesothelioma treatment method is chemotherapy. Through pills or drugs through needles, chemotherapy drugs are used to kill cancer cells. A new mesothelioma treatment method is called intraoperative photodynamic therapy. In this treatment, light and drugs are used to kill cancer cells during surgery for early stages of mesothelioma in the chest. Although there are numerous treatments and drugs for mesothelioma, doctors are losing the battle against this deadly disease. Most mesothelioma treatments involve old techniques combined with different drug cocktails. However, in most cases, these mesothelioma treatments have many side effects including organ damage, nausea, increase in heart failure etc. The rush to find a more effective mesothelioma treatment or even cure is ongoing at numerous clinical labs across the nation. Let's hope that the mesothelioma treatments will one day erradicate mesothelioma cancer and asbestosis. With an abundance of information on the Internet, Mesothelioma Cancer and Asbestos ([http://www.mesothelioma-cancer-and-asbestos.com]) has consolidated the most important issues surrounding Mesothelioma, Mesothelioma doctors and symptoms, Mesothelioma treatment, Mesothelioma research and tests. At [http://www.mesothelioma-cancer-and-asbestos.com], the website contains useful resources on Mesothelioma lawyers and attorneys, as well as causes by asbestos exposure, asbestos removal, asbestos attorneys and lawsuits, and asbestos cancer. Patients stricken by Mesothelioma and their families require support and current information. Mesothelioma Online Resources hopes to educate and give hope to survivors and victims. Mesothelioma is such a harsh disease. Not only does it take years for symptoms to appear, but there are limited treatements and drugs that will prolong the lives of workers stricken with mesothelioma. In many cases, the death rate of mesothelioma is unfortunately very high. However, with increased funding in mesothelioma research through the government and private grants, the outlook for a mesothelioma cure is quite possible. In the meantime, mesothelioma support groups and local discussions provide the ongoing support for mesothelioma patients. Mesothelioma Cancer and Asbestos ([http://www.mesothelioma-cancer-and-asbestos.com])is your source for mesothelioma and asbestos information, treatments, clinical trials, attorneys, support groups and lawyers. About the website: Michael Kenneth is a successful Internet Publisher and has researched and written on many topics for [http://www.mesothelioma-cancer-and-asbestos.com] - your complete source for mesothelioma information, mesothelioma attorneys and lawyers, mesothelioma treatments and research, asbestos exposure and removal, asbestos attorneys and legislation as well as asbestos cancer.

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Mesothelioma is a form of cancer which occurs in thin membranes (called the mesothelium) lining the chest, lungs, abdomen and sometimes the heart. Although quite rare, mesothelioma symptoms strike more than 200 people each year in the United States. The majority of mesothelioma cases are directly linked to asbestos exposure. Because of the long latency period of mesothelioma, the average age of patients is between 50 and 70 years. Mesothelioma affects men most due to the high exposure of asbestos in industrial typed jobs. Mesothelioma symptoms include respiratory problems, shortness of breath, continual cough and pneumonia. Other mesothelioma symptoms include weight loss, abdominal problems and swelling. In some mesothelioma patients, the mesothelioma symptoms are quite muted, making it hard for mesothelioma doctors to diagnose. Mesothelioma doctors specialize in the study, research, and treatments of Mesothelioma cancers. Mesothelioma (or the cancer of the mesothelium) is a disease in which cells become abnormal and replicate without control. During Mesothelioma, these cells will invade and damage tissues and organs. Mesothelioma cancer cells can spread throughout the body causing death. Mesothelioma treatments and Mesothelioma clinical trials and tests There are many mesothelioma treatment options available. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy and chemotherapy and the mesothelioma treatment depends on the patient’s age, general health and stage of the cancer. There has been much mesothelioma research conducted throughout the past two years to find new treatment methods. Click here to read more about mesothelioma treatment techniques. Through mesothelioma research, The National Cancer Institute has sponsored mesothelioma tests and clinical trials that are designed to find new treatment methods. Because of the increase in number of mesothelioma cases in the United States, both governments have increased funding for mesothelioma research. Mesothelioma research and clinical trials have been successful in developing new techniques to fight this cancer and the outlook for more advanced mesothelioma treatments is promising. Surgery is the most common treatment method for malignant mesothelioma. Tissues and linings affected by mesothelioma are removed by the doctor and may include the lung or even diaphragm. A second mesothelioma treatment method is radiation therapy through the use of high energy x-rays that kill the cancer cells. Radiation therapy can be outside or inside the body. A third mesothelioma treatment method is chemotherapy. Through pills or drugs through needles, chemotherapy drugs are used to kill cancer cells. A new mesothelioma treatment method is called intraoperative photodynamic therapy. In this treatment, light and drugs are used to kill cancer cells during surgery for early stages of mesothelioma in the chest. Although there are numerous treatments and drugs for mesothelioma, doctors are losing the battle against this deadly disease. Most mesothelioma treatments involve old techniques combined with different drug cocktails. However, in most cases, these mesothelioma treatments have many side effects including organ damage, nausea, increase in heart failure etc. The rush to find a more effective mesothelioma treatment or even cure is ongoing at numerous clinical labs across the nation. Let's hope that the mesothelioma treatments will one day erradicate mesothelioma cancer and asbestosis. With an abundance of information on the Internet, Mesothelioma Cancer and Asbestos ([http://www.mesothelioma-cancer-and-asbestos.com]) has consolidated the most important issues surrounding Mesothelioma, Mesothelioma doctors and symptoms, Mesothelioma treatment, Mesothelioma research and tests. At [http://www.mesothelioma-cancer-and-asbestos.com], the website contains useful resources on Mesothelioma lawyers and attorneys, as well as causes by asbestos exposure, asbestos removal, asbestos attorneys and lawsuits, and asbestos cancer. Patients stricken by Mesothelioma and their families require support and current information. Mesothelioma Online Resources hopes to educate and give hope to survivors and victims. Mesothelioma is such a harsh disease. Not only does it take years for symptoms to appear, but there are limited treatements and drugs that will prolong the lives of workers stricken with mesothelioma. In many cases, the death rate of mesothelioma is unfortunately very high. However, with increased funding in mesothelioma research through the government and private grants, the outlook for a mesothelioma cure is quite possible. In the meantime, mesothelioma support groups and local discussions provide the ongoing support for mesothelioma patients. Mesothelioma Cancer and Asbestos ([http://www.mesothelioma-cancer-and-asbestos.com])is your source for mesothelioma and asbestos information, treatments, clinical trials, attorneys, support groups and lawyers. About the website: Michael Kenneth is a successful Internet Publisher and has researched and written on many topics for [http://www.mesothelioma-cancer-and-asbestos.com] - your complete source for mesothelioma information, mesothelioma attorneys and lawyers, mesothelioma treatments and research, asbestos exposure and removal, asbestos attorneys and legislation as well as asbestos cancer.

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Oleh beberapa pakar, Pantai Selatan Jawa disebut sebagai salah satu ancaman bencana di Indonesia.
Di sana, tersimpan potensi gempa dan tsunami dahsyat yang belum banyak diketahui khalayak.
Terkait hal itu, pakar tsunami dari Badan Pengkajian Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) Widjo Kongko mengungkap fakta-fakta tentang potensi gempa dan tsunami di pantai selatan DIY.

Menurutnya, wilayah pertemuan lempeng Eurasia dan Indoaustralia di pantai selatan mampu membangkitkan gempa tektonik hingga magnitudo 8,8.
Dengan kekuatan yang cukup besar itu, maka gempa tersebut memiliki potensi tinggi menciptakan tsunami.
Hal itu diungkapkan dalam acara jumpa pers di Kantor Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) DIY Pada Rabu (17/7/2019).
Adapun wilayah ancaman berupa bencana gempa bumi yang berpotensi tsunami di DIY ini terletak di pesisir selatan yang berbatasan dengan Samudera Indonesia.
Ia menjelaskan, Samudera Indonesia di selatan Pulau Jawa merupakan pertemuan lempeng Eurasia dan Indoaustralia yang merupakan potensi sumber terjadinya gempa bumi tektonik.
Letak pertemuan lempeng di tengah laut menyebabkan wilayah pesisir menjadi rentan terhadap bahaya tsunami yang diakibatkan oleh pergeseran lempeng tersebut.
Widjo menyebut pergeseran lempeng tersebut berakibat adanya potensi gempa megathrust yang memiliki potensi kekuatan hingga magnitudo 8,8 di selatan Pulau Jawa sehingga menyebabkan tsunami.
“Ada segmen-segmen megathrust di sepanjang selatan Jawa hingga ke Sumba di sisi timur dan di selatan Selat Sunda. Akibatnya, ada potensi gempa megathrust dengan magnitudo 8,5 hingga 8,8,” jelasnya.

Berdasarkan permodelan, gelombang tsunami tersebut memiliki potensi ketinggian mencapai 20 meter dengan jarak rendaman sekitar tiga hingga empat kilometer.
Dari permodelan itu, Widjo menyebut, gelombang tsunami akan tiba dalam waktu sekitar 30 menit usai terjadi gempa besar.
“Jika Badan Meteorologi Klimatologi dan Geofisika (BMKG) membutuhkan waktu lima menit sejak gempa untuk menyampaikan peringatan dini, maka masyarakat hanya memiliki waktu sekitar 25 menit untuk melakukan evakuasi atau tindakan antisipasi lain,” tegasnya.
Ia juga menjabarkan, daerah yang berpotensi terkena dampak gelombang tsunami jika terjadi gempa megathrust di selatan Jawa khususnya di selatan DIY cukup panjang yaitu mulai dari daerah Cilacap hingga ke Jawa Timur.
Berdasarkan catatan, gempa besar di selatan Pulau Jawa yang menimbulkan gelombang tsunami pernah beberapa kali terjadi.
Diantaranya pada tahun 1994 di Banyuwangi dengan magnitudo 7 dan pada 2006 yang menyebabkan tsunami di Pangandaran akibat gempa bermagnitudo 6,8.
“Pada gempa tahun 1994, memang tidak ada catatan terjadi tsunami di DIY. Namun pada tahun 2006 ada catatan terjadi tsunami di selatan DIY tetapi jangkauannya tidak melebihi Gumuk Pasir di Parang Kusumo,” bebernya.
Kendati demikian, dari penelitian yang dilakukan, peristiwa gempa megathrust di selatan Pulau Jawa pernah terjadi dengan kekuatan magnitudo 9.
“Umur radioaktif dari unsur-unsur yang kami temukan di Lebak Banten dan Bali memiliki umur yang sama. Artinya, pernah ada tsunami di selatan Jawa yang disebabkan gempa dengan magnitudo besar,” pungkasnya.
Jejak gempa dan tsunami pesisir selatan
Sebelumnya peneliti LIPI, Eko Yulianto, lewat uji karbon menemukan deposit tsunami di pesisir Kulonprogo, DIY, berusia 300 tahun, atau diduga terjadi tahun 1699.
Deposit lebih tua ditemukan berusia 1.698 tahun, 2.785 tahun, dan 3.598 tahun. Deposit dengan usia lebih kurang sama ditemukan di Lebak, Banten hingga Cilacap, Jateng.
Temuan ini menunjukkan gempa besar dan tsunami dahsyat sangat potensial di sepanjang wilayah ini.
Gempa Bantul 2006 berpusat di dekat daratan Parangtritis, persis di patahan Opak yang memanjang dari Parangtritis hingga Piyungan berbelok ke timur mengikuti kaki pegunungan Nglanggeran hingga Bayat, Klaten.
Ke utara dari Piyungan memanjang melewati Prambanan hingga sebelah timur gunung Merapi.
Meski tidak ada dalam catatan sejarah, perbedaan ekstrem kontur daratan di sisi timur Parangtritis dan dataran sebelah barat, mengindikasikan pernah terjadi tunjaman akibat patahan hebat.
Entah berapa juta tahun lalu, namun mestinya kontur daratan Bantul dan Gunungkidul pernah di level sama.
Seperti halnya daratan Gunungkidul yang sambung menyambung dengan kontur perbukitan karst Wonogiri, Pacitan, terus ke timur hingga Malang, Lumajang hingga Banyuwangi.
Patahan yang ambles mulai dari sisi timur Parangtritis hingga Kulonprogo itu akhirnya sebagian besar terisi endapan vulkanis dari gunung Merapi di sebelah utara.
Endapan itu sebagian besar berasal dari gunung Merapi Tua dan kemungkinan sebagian dari gunung Bibi, yang jauh lebih tua.
Daratan yang patah dan ambles, yang sekaligus jadi pembatas tegas antara dataran rendah Yogya hingga Bantul dan perbukitan di Gunungkidul ini sedikit banyak menjelaskan mengapa daerah terdampak paling parah gempa 2006 terlihat dari Pundong (Bantul) hingga Berbah (Sleman).
Dari temuan dan pembacaan sumber sejarah kuna tertulis, bencana besar tertulis di Prasasti Rukam bertarikh 829 Saka atau 907 Masehi.
Prasasti ini dikeluarkan Sri Maharaja Dyah Balitung sebagai pemimpin kerajaan Mdang Mataram saat itu.
Prasasti tembaga ini ditemukan di Desa Petarongan, Parakan, Temanggung pada 1975.
Inti prasasti itu adalah perintah dari Dyah Balitung lewat sang putra mahkota, Rakryan Mahamantri i Hino Sri Daksotamma Bahubajra Pratikpasaya, agar menjadikan Desa Rukam sebagai tanah sima (perdikan) bagi sang nenek, Rakryan Sanjiwana.
Desa itu disebutkan hancur karena letusan gunung berapi. Namun tidak dijelaskan gunung api mana yang membuat desa itu hancur lebur.
Mengingat temuan ada di wilayah Parakan, diduga kuat gunung berapi yang dimaksud itu Gunung Sindoro.
Penemuan bangunan pemujaan dan permukiman kuno Mataram di Liyangan, Parakan, Temanggung menguatkan dugaan itu.
Situs berciri Hindu itu terkubur bermeter-meter di bawah permukaan oleh material vulkanik dari arah Gunung Sindoro.
Struktur bangunan mula pertama ditemukan tak sengaja ketika para penggali pasir menemukan batu-batu persegi di kedalaman lebih kurang enam meter.
Penelitian selama lima tahun terakhir menampakkan Situs Liyangan sebagai bangunan pemujaan dan kompleks hunian cukup besar.
Jejak lain bencana alam telah mengubur peradaban Mataram Kuna bisa disaksikan langsung di Candi Sambisari, Candi Kimpulan, Candi Losari, dan Candi Kedulan. Bangunan terakhir ini tengah dalam proses pemugaran candi induknya.


Candi Sambisari dan Kedulan yang berdekatan lokasinya di Purwomartani dan Tirtomartani, Kalasan, Sleman, saat ditemukan terkubur material vulkanik dari Merapi, sedalam 6-8 meter.

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